China has 5000 years of history which experienced wars,...

China has 5000 years of history which experienced wars, collapses, failures and successes. The Opium War in the year 1839 and 1856 marked the changing point of China’s trade policy with foreigners, especially with British in opium and tea. China changed from getting tributes to being forced to sign the Nanjing Treaty and Tianjing Treaty with British and French. Due to China’s over confidence and unwelcome attitude toward foreigners and opium, it caused the British to declare the Opium War to China which made Chinese suffered for many years, but at the same time it also forced China to open its door to the foreigners. Opium is dangerous, and it will ruin people’s life once people get addicted to it. Smoking opium made most of the Chinese†¦show more content†¦And at the heart of the trade was tea. It came from no other place. India did not then produce any, nor Ceylon, Java, or Formosa; Japan was inaccessible; the world perforce drank China teas. Above all, the English drank them† (17). English needed the tea from China which was one reason caused British to negotiate with the Chinese to open more trade opportunity to the outsiders, and the denial of exporting tea to the British caused the later Opium War. Qianlong emperor’s reaction to Macartney’s mission angered the British as well. Qianlong emperor’s over confidence was shown in the court when he met the British ambassador Macartney. He required Macartney to wear Chinese clothes and practice Chinese kowtow. â€Å"But Macartney was not going to obligate, or rather he would perform the three-times-three only if some mandarin also kowtowed before his own sovereign George III, a portrait of whom he had thoughtfully included in his baggage† (32). Even though China had a great power during that time, Macartney did not considered himself as who came from a weaker country. China did not think it needed products from foreign countries. â€Å"Chinese needed nothing and traded a little with tribute-bearing barbarians only out of affectionate condescension. Let Macartney go quietly away! Let King George, his master, display the proper respect and devotion by refraining in the future from importunate embassies!† (32). All they care about was the Confucius culture of paying ritual.Show MoreRelatedThe Opium War Essay2802 Words   |  12 PagesChina has 5000 years of history which experienced wars, collapses, failures and successes. The Opium War in the year 1839 and 1856 marked the changing point of China’s trade policy with foreigners, especially with British in opium and tea. China changed from getting tributes to being forced to sign the Nanjing Treaty and Tianjing Treaty with British and French. Due to China’s over confidence and unwelcome attitude toward foreigners and opium, it caused the British to declare the Opium War to ChinaRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesBrier, and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David MRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 PagesELEVENTH EDITION MARKETING MISTAKES AND SUCCESSES 30TH ANNIVERSARY Robert F. 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Wilson and Colin Gilligan to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally

Positivist and Constructionist Theories Basic Differences

Positivist and Constructionist theories: basic differences There exists conflicting theories among sociologists in the area of determining why a person is considered to be a deviant, and the reasons behind why he or she has committed a deviant act. From a positivistic perspective, deviance is based on biological or social determinism. Alternatively, from a constructionist perspective, deviance is created and assigned by society. Both perspectives seek to give a theory for why a person may become known as deviant. Although they both view similar acts as deviant, the basic differences between positivists and constructionists theories are clear. The Positivist Perspective Deviant theories from a positivist perspective are based on biological†¦show more content†¦6). The reason for this is that the sociologists believed that â€Å"humans do not have any free will† (Thio, 2010, p. 7) and were unable to change what the future held for them. Other theories from the contemporary positivist perspective come from the belief that deviant determinism is based on social factors. Anomie-strain theory is an example that is based on social factors. The anomie-strain theory directs the reason that a person becomes deviant to the hands of society. This happens when society sets certain goals that may or may not be attainable by all classes of people. Sociologists that follow the anomie-strain theory believe that humans do possess free will (Thio, 2010, p. 7). When a member of society does not have the means necessary to achieve the goal that society sets for them, he or she may be encouraged to find an illegitimate means to achieve the goals. â€Å"However, given this societal pressure toward deviance, not all of us would respond to it in the same way† (Thio, 2010, p. 18). There are five different types of responses that may arise out of this pressure present in the anomie-strain theory by means of free will. The first response is conformity, in which the set goal is accepted and a legitimate means is used to attempt to achieve theShow MoreRelatedPositivist and Constructionist Theories: Basic Differences1214 Words   |  5 PagesPositivist and Constructionist Theories: Basic Differences Dana L Ward Athens State University Positivist and Constructionist Theories: Basic Differences There is a basic difference in the two theories known as positivist and constructionist in sociology. It is considered determinism. In order to understand the theories and deviance, one must understand determinism. What is determinism? It is the belief that everything is already decided and occurs based on every thought, action and feelingRead More Social Norms1709 Words   |  7 Pagesthe world such as alcoholism, addiction, mental illness and homosexuality. All of these may be a result of biological and social constructionist theories of deviance, this essay will define the opposing differences and the relation of the two in this essay. Both hold contributing factors to the construction of deviance in society, but are both highly conflicting theories. The codification of deviance can vary widely between different cultures, a norm in one culture can be considered deviant inRead MoreThe Characteristics of the Hallmarks of Scientific Research1427 Words   |  6 Pagesin the construction of a branch office. Stating there is much difference of opinion about the reasons wht the allocation of funds cheating can happen in the project. 3) Develop hypotheses: An attempt to integrate all the information in alogical manner, so that the reason for the problem can be conceptualized and tested. Example: From the interview data and documents the financial statements, top management leadership to build a theory of possible affecting factors of raw material inventory costsRead MoreComparing the Epistemologies Governing the First and Second Order Cybernetic Approaches6964 Words   |  28 Pages â€Å"Yes,† said Piglet, â€Å"Rabbit has Brain.† There was a long silence. â€Å"I suppose,† said Pooh, â€Å"that’s why he never understands anything.† (A. A. Milne, The house at Pooh Corner) Introducing â€Å"epistobabble†[2] General Systems Theory or cybernetics as it was known in Europe, can be divided into two cybernetic models: simple cybernetics or first-order cybernetics and cybernetics of cybernetics or second-order cybernetics. There is no definitive breakdown of termsRead MoreLiterature Review on Consumer Behaviour16053 Words   |  65 Pagesdistinct field of study during the 1960s; and is characterized by two broad paradigms, the positivist and the non-positivist. The positivist paradigm encompasses the economic, behavioural, cognitive, motivational/trait/attitudinal, and situational perspectives; these perspectives are referred to as the traditional perspectives as they pre-date the development of the non-positivist paradigm. The positivist paradigm, which is still the dominant paradigm, emphasizes the supremacy of human reason andRead MoreComparative Methodological Critique3073 Words   |  13 Pagesreality† (Remenyi et al., 1998:35) of working relations in organisations with LGB workers. Also focusing on the ways that people make sense of the world especially through the sharing of experiences with others has dictated the use of a social constructionist framework (Bryman and Bell, 2007). Th e case studies involved the analysis of companies’ documentation and reports, trade union publications and websites to get an inside view of companies’ attitudes and practices. The main challenge of the projectRead Morethe importance of diversity in counselling contexts13352 Words   |  54 Pagesof a paper which adequately outlines the theory, application, and evaluation of thematic analysis, and one which does so in a way accessible to students and those not particularly familiar with qualitative research. 1 That is, we aim to write a paper which will be useful as both a teaching and research tool in qualitative psychology. Therefore, in this paper we discuss theory and method for thematic analysis, and clarify the similarities and differences between different approaches that shareRead MoreHow Does Black Administrators Affect Postsecondary Education For The Mid Level Administrator?7689 Words   |  31 Pagesdata analysis is offered. This chapter ends with a discussion on the limitations and ethical considerations of the study. 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Our model not Positivist and Constructionist Theories Basic Differences Positivist and Constructionist Theories: Basic Differences Dana L Ward Athens State University Positivist and Constructionist Theories: Basic Differences There is a basic difference in the two theories known as positivist and constructionist in sociology. It is considered determinism. In order to understand the theories and deviance, one must understand determinism. What is determinism? It is the belief that everything is already decided and occurs based on every thought, action and feeling we have by things that have already happened. The future then is determined by our past. Positivism originated with August Comte. It was considered a philosophical approach that replaced speculation with science. Positivist theorists believe†¦show more content†¦His interest wasn’t so much why someone deviates but why the rates differed dramatically from one society to another. Merton also changed the concept to where there is an apparent lack of fit between cultures norms, about the apparent lack of success and the appropriate goals to achieve them. He believed the United States puts more emphasis on success, and anomie –strain becomes the explanation for high rates of deviant behavior in the U.S. compared with other societies, and also an explanation for the distribution of deviant behavior across groups defined by class, race, and ethnicity. The U.S., in fact, Merton sees as an example of a society in which success goals (often defined primarily in monetary terms) are emphasized for everyone in the culture, and people are criticized for not perf orming to their best ability. Constructionist Perspective Constructionist looks at deviance from a different perspective. It is the social construction of deviance that needs to be explained, not the (wrong) choices of individuals. Labeling Theory The labeling theory, an example of constructivist perspective is the theory put forth to define how deviance is experienced and why people continue to be deviant. The labeling theory was developed by a group of sociologists in the 1960’s. It is a version of symbolic interactionism defining deviance as a collective action involving the acts of more than one person, and theShow MoreRelatedPositivist and Constructionist Theories: Basic Differences933 Words   |  4 PagesPositivist and Constructionist theories: basic differences There exists conflicting theories among sociologists in the area of determining why a person is considered to be a deviant, and the reasons behind why he or she has committed a deviant act. From a positivistic perspective, deviance is based on biological or social determinism. Alternatively, from a constructionist perspective, deviance is created and assigned by society. Both perspectives seek to give a theory for why a person may becomeRead More Social Norms1709 Words   |  7 Pagesthe world such as alcoholism, addiction, mental illness and homosexuality. All of these may be a result of biological and social constructionist theories of deviance, this essay will define the opposing differences and the relation of the two in this essay. Both hold contributing factors to the construction of deviance in society, but are both highly conflicting theories. The codification of deviance can vary widely between different cultures, a norm in one culture can be considered deviant inRead MoreThe Characteristics of the Hallmarks of Scientific Research1427 Words   |  6 Pagesin the construction of a branch office. Stating there is much difference of opinion about the reasons wht the allocation of funds cheating can happen in the project. 3) Develop hypotheses: An attempt to integrate all the information in alogical manner, so that the reason for the problem can be conceptualized and tested. Example: From the interview data and documents the financial statements, top management leadership to build a theory of possible affecting factors of raw material inventory costsRead MoreComparing the Epistemologies Governing the First and Second Order Cybernetic Approaches6964 Words   |  28 Pages â€Å"Yes,† said Piglet, â€Å"Rabbit has Brain.† There was a long silence. â€Å"I suppose,† said Pooh, â€Å"that’s why he never understands anything.† (A. A. Milne, The house at Pooh Corner) Introducing â€Å"epistobabble†[2] General Systems Theory or cybernetics as it was known in Europe, can be divided into two cybernetic models: simple cybernetics or first-order cybernetics and cybernetics of cybernetics or second-order cybernetics. There is no definitive breakdown of termsRead MoreLiterature Review on Consumer Behaviour16053 Words   |  65 Pagesdistinct field of study during the 1960s; and is characterized by two broad paradigms, the positivist and the non-positivist. The positivist paradigm encompasses the economic, behavioural, cognitive, motivational/trait/attitudinal, and situational perspectives; these perspectives are referred to as the traditional perspectives as they pre-date the development of the non-positivist paradigm. The positivist paradigm, which is still the dominant paradigm, emphasizes the supremacy of human reason andRead MoreComparative Methodological Critique3073 Words   |  13 Pagesreality† (Remenyi et al., 1998:35) of working relations in organisations with LGB workers. Also focusing on the ways that people make sense of the world especially through the sharing of experiences with others has dictated the use of a social constructionist framework (Bryman and Bell, 2007). Th e case studies involved the analysis of companies’ documentation and reports, trade union publications and websites to get an inside view of companies’ attitudes and practices. The main challenge of the projectRead Morethe importance of diversity in counselling contexts13352 Words   |  54 Pagesof a paper which adequately outlines the theory, application, and evaluation of thematic analysis, and one which does so in a way accessible to students and those not particularly familiar with qualitative research. 1 That is, we aim to write a paper which will be useful as both a teaching and research tool in qualitative psychology. Therefore, in this paper we discuss theory and method for thematic analysis, and clarify the similarities and differences between different approaches that shareRead MoreHow Does Black Administrators Affect Postsecondary Education For The Mid Level Administrator?7689 Words   |  31 Pagesdata analysis is offered. This chapter ends with a discussion on the limitations and ethical considerations of the study. 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Strategic Analysis Environmental Variables-myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Strategic Analysis Environmental Variables? Answer: Introduction The Pinatex is a revolutionary textile product, developed by Ananas Anam based on sustainable and natural product. The plant fibres are used to create the natural textile and the research took over seven years to produce an effective and innovative product. Originally developed in Philippines and now the business is based out of United Kingdom and Spain (Ananas-anam.com, 2017). Ananas Anam is trying to expand their business internationally in many other countries. This report tries to explore the environmental variables in New Zealand so that the company identifies the positive and negative aspects of the market before starting the business. Background Pinatex is manufactured and developed by the new material manufacturing company Ananas Anam (Ananas-anam.com, 2017). The idea was developed by Dr Carmen Hijosa. The pineapple fibres provide the raw material for producing the product (Boateng, Aidoo-Taylor Archer, 2016). The company aims to develop a unique textile industry that promotes the ecological, social and cultural development. The company also desires to make the local farmers gain economic profit by engaging in the production. The company has been searching for its potential international markets in other countries. The management has come up with few suggestions however the research department has engaged in effective market analysis of the environmental factors (Eva et al., 2014) The Variables Political Factors Amongst the macro-environmental factors, one of the most significant factors is the political factor which has the higher chances of affecting the trade policies, legal rules and regulation and the other government legislation. If the country has a stable government, there are fewer chances of risks for any organization to do business in the country as the legal rules and regulations are not expected to be changes within a short span of time (Holder, Frew Van Hale, 2015). However in terms of New Zealand, the chances are higher in every three years, as the government changes the rules after the span of three years. Mostly the left leaned Labor Party and the conservative National Party has dominated the political scenario of New Zealand. Each of the parties have implemented a vast range of economic and social legislation, long scale work programs and social safety programs. Therefore, for the fashion industry, this change of rules and regulation can be effective for two primary reason s. When Piatex enters the market, it can be highly possible that the rules are regulations are not in the favor of the organization; however, the regulation can change to the favor of the organization within the span of three years. However, the labor costs in New Zealand is higher, therefore the organization can face issues with the cost of the production. The labor laws are strict as well (Meurk, Sullivan McWilliam, 2016). However there is another perspective regarding the labor law and the costs, as the productivity of the labor are higher in the country than any other country with lower labor costs. Therefore Piatex can have labors with more productivity even if they have to spend higher costs for them. Moreover, the organization requires having a huge amount of money before they start their business in the country. Along with that, the lending rates are higher in New Zealand, therefore Piatex has to pay more interest, and therefore it reduces their profit to a great extent. Ac cording to Smith and Finn (2015) the trade freedom in New Zealand is 84.6%, whereas the business freedom is 99.9%, so these figures also indicate that the country has a better environment for doing trading and business. Economic factors Economic factors New Zealand have great economic growth. The per capita income is better than a lot other companies in comparison (OECD, 2017). There is always a demand for new products among the citizens. The consumer behavior of the citizens is quite favorable for a new product in the market (Nielsen.com, 2015). Most people can afford products of various price ranges. The money circulation is in continuous flow as the purchasing of necessary or luxurious products is continuous. The unemployment rate of New Zealand is low which represents the countrys positive economic growth in present and in the future (Stats.govt.nz, 2017). The inflation rate is also low which can be helpful for Pinatexs entry in the country. The company can find labor, iron and other necessary resources from the country easily. So if Pinatex opens up a business in New Zealand, there are high chances that the company will generate high revenue. The economic growth of the company is based on the external internal demand, investment and consumption expenditure that are acting positively for the countrys economy. The countrys economy is extremely dependent on trading with other countries, so the business for Pinatex has a good potential market in the country. The external demand by other companies can affect the companys economic condition so Pinatex has to do the necessary market research on other external business organizations and implement effective strategies for the competitors. New Zealand does not invest much on the research and development so that it makes it dependent on other countries for acquiring newer technologies (Jaffe Le, 2015). The company can utilize this opportunity to makes its strong presence in the countrys market. The favorable political and business climate influences large foreign direct investment in the country. Environmental factors New Zealand is famous for its ecological system. The average population educated and they value the environment. The pineapple harvesting in New Zealand is getting popular every day. Though majority of the pineapple are still exported from Fiji, but Pinatex manufacturing can help significantly for improving the pineapple harvesting in the country (Gilbert, 2013). As the citizens are environmentally aware, there is a high chance for the vegan lather to have great demand in the local market (Cowart, 2016). The population and the government have implemented advanced technologies in order to recycle the garbage and take extreme precautions to protect the environment from the pollution. The government act actively in taking fresh and new initiatives to improve the environmental condition of the country. Social Factors The economy of New Zealand is highly dependent on the tourism and trade with other countries. The external demand is higher in the country; therefore the economical situation of the country is highly influenced by such demands. The social classification of New Zealand is wonderful and the country has an open mind set in terms of trading with other countries. Within the fashion industry, there is a consistent demand which can be very much helpful for Piatex while setting up a new and innovative business in the country. The banking system in the country is stable and strong therefore it also welcomes the FDI or the foreign direct investment within the country. The 100% literacy rate and higher life expectancy rate which is 81, indicate that the people have good health and they are fashionable to accept an innovative business in New Zealand. As the government put higher emphasis on tourism, it provides more facilities for the tourists; therefore it would be beneficial for Piatex if they set up their business in the country, as they can also get hold of the global market. Technological factors The students in New Zealand are performing really well by actively engaging themselves in effective science or mathematics programs (Oecd.org, 2014). The country has been making great technological advancements in various sectors. The use of internet in urban and rural area of the country is really high. The new company can access the internet for data collection even in remote areas. As the manufacturing of vegan leather is related to harvesting, it is possible the company will start business in remote areas, but it does not have to suffer for lack of internet accessibility. Various phone companies are investing a lot of money for improving the business. They offer a lot of services in affordable rates to the local people and companies. The local people are provided various technological supports by the government. Legal The government has taken various legal actions in order to protect the company and the individual well being. They implement new rules and regulations to lower the crime. The law is in favor of the international business as they welcome the businesses actively. However the international organizations have to pay high lending charges to the government for starting a new business (Asb.co.nz, 2017). So the companies may lack in gaining much profit but company must invest there as the good relationship with the government will ensure a profitable business for the company in the longer run. Conclusion The Pinatex is a revolutionary new product in the market, so it has high potential to profit significantly. By examining such environmental factors like political, technological, economic, social and legal it has been experienced that the country proves to be a great potential market for the company. However, there are few challenges that the new company might face related to legal fees or harvesting cost, but if the company invests enough money in the initial phase, the company has good future to gain huge financial profit. Reference Boateng, K. B., Aidoo-Taylor, B., Archer, S. (2016). Experimenting the Feasibility of Banana Stalk for Practical Textile.Chinese Business Review,15(8), 388-399. Cowart, K. (2016).Vegan Leather is Now a Thing, And You Wont Believe What it is Made Out Of!.The Mind Unleashed. Retrieved 27 August 2017, from https://themindunleashed.com/2016/03/vegan-leather-is-now-a-thing-and-you-wont-believe-what-it-is-made-out-of.html Education at a Glance: OECD. (2014).Oecd.org. Retrieved 27 August 2017, from https://www.oecd.org/newzealand/New%20Zealand-EAG2014-Country-Note.pdf Employment and unemployment. (2017).Stats.govt.nz. Retrieved 27 August 2017, from https://www.stats.govt.nz/browse_for_stats/income-and-work/employment_and_unemployment.aspx Eva, M., Hindle, K., Paul, D., Rollaston, C., Tudor, D. (2014). Business analysis. BCS. Gilbert, M., Rickards-Rees, C., Spicer, N., Coates, B. (2013).sustainable development in the pacific and the role of the New Zealand private sector(pp. 38-39). Oxfam Research Report-March 2013, Oxfam, Auckland. Holder, P. W., Frew, R., Van Hale, R. (2015). The geographic origin of an intercepted biosecurity pest beetle assigned using hydrogen stable isotopes.Journal of economic entomology,108(2), 834-837. Introducing Piatex - ananas anam. (2017).ananas anam. Retrieved 27 August 2017, from https://www.ananas-anam.com/pinatex/ Jaffe, A. B., Le, T. (2015).The impact of RD subsidy on innovation: a study of New Zealand firms(No. w21479). National Bureau of Economic Research. Kelsey, J. (2015).Reclaiming the future: New Zealand and the global economy. Bridget Williams Books. Meurk, C. D., Sullivan, J., McWilliam, W. (2016). Vegetation History and Dynamics in New Zealand: Future Scenarios and Improved Trajectories Towards Restoring Natural Patterns. InVegetation Structure and Function at Multiple Spatial, Temporal and Conceptual Scales(pp. 517-528). Springer International Publishing. New Zealand - OECD Data. (2017).theOECD. Retrieved 27 August 2017, from https://data.oecd.org/new-zealand.htm Rates and fees | ASB. (2017).ASB Bank. Retrieved 27 August 2017, from https://www.asb.co.nz/rates-and-fees Smith, A., Finn, A. (2015). Built for niche: Rethinking the role of manufacturing in developing designer fashion in New Zealand.International Journal of Fashion Studies,2(1), 29-42. The Changing NZ Consumer. (2015).Nielsen.com. Retrieved 27 August 2017, from https://www.nielsen.com/nz/en/insights/news/2015/the-changing-nz-consumer.html